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Leonard Percival Howell (June 16, 1898〔(We are HEROES - Leonard Howell )〕 – February 25, 1981), known as The Gong〔(Regaining Bob Marley’s catalogue - Legal battles ahead for Tuff Gong? )〕 or G.G. Maragh (for ''Gong Guru''), was a Jamaican religious figure. According to his biographer Hélène Lee,〔See a review of ''The First Rasta - Leonard Howell and the Rise of Rastafarianism'' (Lawrence Hill Books) by Hélène Lee: ()〕 Howell was born in an Anglican family. He was one of the first preachers of the Rastafari movement (along with Joseph Hibbert, Archibald Dunkley, and Robert Hinds), and is sometimes known as The First Rasta. Born in May Crawle River, Jamaica, Howell left the country as a youth, traveling amongst other places to New York, and returned in 1932. He began preaching in 1933 about what he considered the symbolic portent for the African diaspora—the crowning of Ras Tafari Makonnen as Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia. His preaching asserted that Haile Selassie was the "Messiah returned to earth," and he published a book called ''The Promise Key''. Although this resulted in his being arrested, tried for sedition and imprisoned for two years, the Rastafari movement grew. Over the following years, Howell came into conflict with all the establishment authorities in Jamaica: the planters, the trade unions, established churches, police and colonial authorities, and he was allegedly arrested more than 50 times. He formed a town or commune called Pinnacle in Saint Catherine Parish that became famous as a place for Rastafari. Nevertheless, this movement prospered, and today the Rastafari faith exists worldwide. Unlike many Rastas, Howell never wore dreadlocks. Leonard Howell died February 1981 in Kingston, Jamaica. ==Howell's doctrine of Rastafari== Though imprisoned for it, Howell published his doctrine with the title ''The Promise Key'' under the pen name G.G. Maragh. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leonard Howell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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